石河子大学学报(自然科学版)

为了解新疆阿勒泰地区城乡杂草的发生情况，通过多年野外实地调查和形态分类鉴定，参阅部分文献资料，对该地区城乡杂草种类与地理分布、区系组成和多样性特点进行了系统的研究。结果表明：(1)该地区城乡杂草共有37科154属274种。优势科为禾本科(Gramineae, 51种)、菊科(Compositae, 42种)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae, 35种)、豆科(Leguminosae, 28种)、十字花科(Cruciferae, 13种)和蓼科(Polygonaceae, 13种)6科；属的组成中，单种属有103属103种，寡种属(2～5种)有46属133种，二者在该区杂草属、种数量中占比最高(占属96.75%,占种86.13%),另外多种属(6～9种)赖草属(Leymus)、蒿属(Artemisia)、蓼属(Polygonum)、藜属(Chenopodium)和滨藜属(Atriplex)5属优势明显。(2)该区杂草154个属的地理成分分属于9个分布类型及11个变型，主要由温带成分(71属138种)占主导地位。(3)该区杂草生活型以多年生(144种，占52.55%)和1～2年生草本(121种，占44.16%)为主，寄生性草本和半灌木次之；生境类型以中生杂草(215种，占78.47%)为主，湿生和旱生杂草较少。(4)该杂草区系本土杂草(269种，占98.18%)占绝对优势，近20年来具入侵潜力的外来杂草有5种，检疫性杂草有10种。对于其中的检疫性(10种)、恶性(30种)和重度有害(19种)杂草，相关部门应特别加强此类杂草的监测与防除，并应予以持续关注其种群动态变化。

To understand the occurrence of urban-rural weeds in Altay area of Xinjiang, a systematic study was conducted on the types, geographical distribution, faunal composition, and diversity characteristics of weeds in this area by field investigation, morphological classification and identification, and reference to some literatures. The results show that:(1) There are 274 weed species across 154 genera and 37 families in urban-rural areas in this area. The dominant families are Gramineae(51 species), Compositae(42 species), Chenopodiaceae(35 species), Leguminosae(28 species), Cruciferae(13 species) and Polygonaceae(13 species). In the composition of the genus, there are 103 genera and 103 species of single-species genera, and 46 genera and 133 species in a few-species genera(2～5 species). Both of them account for the highest proportion in the number of weed genera and species in this area(representing 96.75% of genera and 86.13% of species). Additionally, multiple genera(6～9 species) of Leymus, Artemisia, Polygonum, Chenopodium and Atriplex have obvious advantages.(2) The geographical composition of 154 genera of weeds in this area is categorized into 9 distribution types and 11 variants, predominantly temperate elements(71 genera, 138 species).(3) The weed life forms in this area primarily include perennial(144 species, 52.55%) and annual/biennial herbs(121 species, 44.16%), with fewer parasitic herbs and subshrubs. Mesophytic weeds dominate the habitat types(215 species, 78.47%), with fewer hygrophyte and xerophyte weeds.(4) Native weeds(269 species, 98.18%) are predominant in the weed flora, alongside 5 exotic weeds with potential and 10 quarantine weeds recorded over the past 20 years. Relevant departments should focus on monitoring and controlling quarantine weeds(10 species), malignant weeds(30 species), and severely harmful weeds(19 species) while tracking their population dynamics.