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播种是油菜生产过程的关键环节,实现机械化播种对油菜生产节本增效具有重要意义,并且目前国内油菜机播率较低,油菜播种装备是农机领域的短板弱项,系统梳理我国油菜播种关键技术及装备对于提升油菜机械化水平有重要参考价值,因此,对国内油菜种植区域及规模、播种方式及机械化现状进行了详细概述,重点阐述了国内外油菜精量排种、主动防堵、智能检测与调控、物料运动数值模拟等关键技术研究动态及不足,分析对比了中国与欧美等国家在油菜机械化播种装备的研究进展与差异,并在系统总结和分析我国油菜种植特点和装备发展趋势的基础上,提炼出了我国油菜机械化播种存在问题和技术难点,且对油菜机械化播种解决方案、开展核心技术攻关、智能化水平提升、装备可靠性和推广提高进行展望,这可为油菜机械化播种技术进一步发展与研究提供借鉴。
Abstract：Sowing is a key link in the process of rape production,and mechanized sowing is of great significance to save cost and increase efficiency in rape production. At present,the mechanical sowing rate of rape in China is low,and the sowing equipment of rape is a weak point in the field of agricultural machinery. Systematically sorting out the key technologies and equipment of rape sowing in China has important reference value for improving the mechanization level of rape. In this paper,the planting area and scale,sowing methods and mechanization status of domestic rapeseed were summarized in detail,focusing on the research trends and shortcomings of key technologies such as precision seed placement,active blocking prevention,intelligent detection and control,and material movement numerical simulation at home and abroad,and the research progress and differences of mechanized sowing equipment for rapeseed in China,Europe and America were analyzed and compared. On the basis of systematic summary and analysis of China′s rapeseed planting characteristics and equipment development trend,the existing problems and technical difficulties in China′s rapeseed mechanized sowing were extracted,and the solutions for rapeseed mechanized sowing,core technology research,intelligent level improvement,equipment reliability and promotion were prospected. The study can also provide a strong reference for the development and research of mechanized rapeseed sowing technology in China.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13880/j.cnki.65-1174/n.2024.21.023
中图分类号:S223.2
引用信息:
[1]张涛,任桂英,代聪等.油菜精量播种关键技术与装备研究进展[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2025,43(01):45-54.DOI:10.13880/j.cnki.65-1174/n.2024.21.023.
基金信息:
重庆市农业科学院市级财政科研项目实用技术研究(cqaas2023sjczsy010); 重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(CSTB2024TIAD-GPX0037); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1901404)